I don't recognize that fitting in the first pic, having a hard figuring out where that is. Is that in the coolant jacket on the side of the block?
The second pic is the diverter valve for the air injection system. Read more about it here... http://www.jeepz.com/forum/engine/16920-pulse-air-system.html
Reading that link, maybe your first pic is the CTO...I don't think my '77 CJ had one.
I remember the first fitting being on my 258 when i had it, but sorry no idea what it did. IIRC they were vacuum ports for the air cleaner housing and possibly one to the carb. I know that at least one of mine on my motor was plugged off and not used by a previous owner.
What Jman said, but don't know what the "CTO" stands for. Maybe something like Control Temperature Opening. I does control the butterfly's & part of the PVC system, by vacuum. Somehow it's powered by the heat of the engine.