This was a lot of my thought process and why we didn't do it in our house. I thought about doing it in the master bath, but my wife actually LIKES cold floors on her feet, and I was sure there would be rugs and bathmats and whatnot, and I was correct.
We have a wood stove in the basement, so when its going to be below freezing at night for a couple days, I'll crank it up. Our highest power bills have been about $130 for ~4000sqft total enclosed space (plus attic), and that is 100% electric, with a wife and 2 kids that are home all day, 7 days a week. I guess the purpose of that is to say that spray foam insulation is the way to go in combination with whatever type of heating system you go with. I think the lowest total cost of install and ownership would be a sprayfoamed structure with a few strategically placed mini-splits, and some solar supplement.